Zolpidem, widely known by the brand name Ambien, is a medication primarily used for treating short-term insomnia. As a sedative-hypnotic drug, it helps individuals fall asleep more quickly and enhances overall sleep quality. Its mechanism focuses on calming brain activity to promote restful sleep, making it a common choice for temporary sleep disturbances.
Uses
- Prescribed for short-term insomnia, helping with difficulty falling or staying asleep. Generally limited to a few weeks due to dependence risk.
How It Works: Affects the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain, which exerts a calming effect on the central nervous system. This action induces sleep by fostering relaxation and reducing excessive brain activity.
Dosage and Administration
- Available as immediate-release tablets, extended-release tablets, sublingual tablets, and oral spray.
- Immediate-release: Typically 5-10 mg right before bedtime.
- Extended-release: Usually 6.25-12.5 mg before bedtime for sustained sleep.
- Sublingual: 1.75 mg for middle-of-the-night awakenings.
Side Effects
- Common: Drowsiness (may extend to next day), dizziness, headache.
- Serious: Complex sleep behaviors (e.g., sleepwalking, sleep-driving), allergic reactions, memory problems, confusion. Seek immediate medical attention for serious effects.
Warnings and Precautions
- Dependency/Abuse: Risk of developing dependence, especially with long-term use or history of substance abuse.
- Drug Interactions: Interacts with other CNS depressants (alcohol, opioids, certain antidepressants). Inform healthcare provider of all medications.
- Medical Conditions: Use cautiously with history of depression, respiratory issues, liver disease, or other serious conditions.
- Pregnancy/Breastfeeding: Use only if absolutely necessary; can pass into breast milk.
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