Tramadol, commonly known by its brand name Ultram, is a prescription medication used to manage moderate to moderately severe pain. As a synthetic opioid analgesic, it works by affecting the nervous system to reduce discomfort. It is frequently prescribed for pain following surgery, injury, or for chronic conditions such as arthritis that lead to ongoing pain.
Uses:
- Relieves post-surgical, injury-related, or chronic pain (e.g., arthritis).
- May be part of combination therapy for enhanced pain management.
How It Works:
Tramadol binds to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord to alter pain perception. It also inhibits the reuptake of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine, enhancing its pain-relieving effects.
Dosage & Administration:
- Available in tablets, extended-release tablets, and capsules.
- Dosage is individualized based on age, condition, and response.
- Taken orally; extended-release forms provide longer-lasting relief.
Side Effects:
- Common: Drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, constipation, headache.
- Serious: Seizures, Serotonin Syndrome (especially with other serotonergic drugs), and rare cases of respiratory depression.
Warnings & Precautions:
- Dependency Risk: Lower than stronger opioids, but still present.
- Drug Interactions: Use caution with CNS depressants or antidepressants.
- Medical Considerations: Avoid in severe liver/kidney impairment.
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